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Chapter One Overview
The initial part of First Chapter begins with prayers and introduces the Divine Lineage of the wisdom of Ayurveda.
This describes how ancient sages noticed the increasing tendency of attracting disorders in common people and then held a symposium in Himalayan region and decided to bring Ayurveda wisdom for the masses.
This section can be further divided into these subsections…
- General Introduction of Chapter
- The Divine Lineage of Ayurveda
- The Himalayan Summit of Pious Sages
- Their Deciding to Send Sage Bhardwaj to Indra
- Sage Bhardwaj going to Indra and receiving Ayurveda
- Basic Nature of Ayurveda
- Significance and Benefit Received by Other Sages from Ayurveda Wisdom
Second section deals with one of the most important topics in entire Ayurveda – Fundamental Principles of Ayurveda. This is truly the foundation for learning Ayurveda.
The part introduces the framework that supports all the concepts and later practices of Ayurveda in a cohesive and integral manner. This is like the invisible thread inside the chain of pearls.
- Definition of Ayurveda
- Defining Life
- Fundamental Principles – The Six Substances – Matter, Attributes, Activity, Generality, Differentiation, Inherent Nature
- Three Doshas – Vata, Pitta and Kapha
- Three Primary Attributes – Satva, Rajas, Tamas
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” Athāṣṭmodhyāyaḥ”
” Athāt indriyopakramaṇīyamadhyāyaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ || 1||”
” Iti ha smāha bhagavānātreyaḥ || 2||”
” Iha khatu paῆcendriyāṇi, paῆcendriyadravyāṇi, paῆcendriyādhiṣṭhānāni; paῆcendriyārthāḥ; paῆcendriyabuddhayo bhavanti, ityuktamindriyādhikāre || 3||”
” Atīndriyaṃ punarmanaḥ sattvasaṃjῆakaṃ ceta ityāhureke, tadarthātmasampattadāyattaceṣṭaṃ ceṣṭāpratyayabhūtamindriyāṇām || 4||”
” Svārthendriyārthasaṃkalpavyabhicaraṇāccānekamekasmin puruṣe sattvaṃ rajastamaḥ sattvaguṇayogācca; na cānekatvaṃ, nahyekaṃ hyekakālamanekeṣu pravartate; tasmānnaikakālā sarvendriyapravṛttiḥ || 5||”
” Yadguṇaṃ cābhīkṣṇaṃ purūṣamanuvartate sattvam | tattsattvamevopadiśanti munayo bāhulyānuśayāt || 6||”
” Manaḥpuraḥsarāṇīndriyāṇyarthagrahaṇasamarthāni bhavanti || 7|| “
” Tatra cakṣuḥ śrotraṃ ghrāṇaṃ rasanaṃ sparśanamiti paῆcandriyāṇi || 8||”
” Paῆcendriyāṇi-khaṃ vāyurjyotirāpo būriti || 9|| “
” Paῆcendriyādhiṣṭhānāni – akṣiṇī karṇau nāsike jihvā tvak ceti || 10||
” Paῆcendriyārthaḥ-śabdasparśarūparasagandhaḥ || 11||”
” Paῆcendriyabuddhayaḥ – cakṣurbuddhayācikāḥ tāḥ punarindriyendriyārthasattātmasannikarṣajāḥ, kṣaṇikāḥ, niśrcayātmikāśrca | ityet paῆcapaῆcakam || 12||”
” Mano manortho buddhirātmā cetyadhyātmadravyaguṇasaṅagrahaḥ subhāsubhapravṛttinivṛttihetuśrca, dravyāśritaṃ ca karma yaducyate kriyeti || 13||”
” Tatrānumānagamyānāṃ paῆcamahabhūtavikārasamudāyātmakānāmapi satāmindriyāṇāṃ tejaścakṣuśi, khaṃ śrotre, grāṇe kṣitiḥ, āpo rasane spaśanenilo viśeṣeṇopapaghate; tatra yadhadātmakamindriyaṃ viśeṣattattadātmakamevārthamanugṛhāaiti, tatsvabhāvād vabhutvācca || 14||”
” Tadarthātiyogāyogamithyāyogāt samanaskamindriyaṃ vikṛtimāpadhamānaṃ yathasvaṃ buddhayupadhātāya sampadhate, samayogāt punaḥ prakṛtimāpadhamānaṃ yathāsvaṃ budhimāpyāyayati || 15||”
” Manasastu cintyamarthaḥ | tatra manaso manobuddheśca ta eva samānātihīnamithyāyogāḥ prakṛtivikṛtihetavo bhavanti || 16||”
” Tasmādātmahitaṃ cikīrṣatā sarveṇa sarve sarvathā samṛtimāsthāya Sadvṛttamanuṣṭheyam || 17||”
” Tatsadvṛttamakhinopadekṣyāmogniveśa ! tadhathā – devagobrāhamṇagurūvṛddhasiddhācāryānarcayet, agnimupacaret, auṣadhīḥ praśastā dhārayet, dvau kālāvupaspṛśet, malāyenaṣvabhīkṣṇaṃ pādayośca vaimalyamādadhyāt, triḥ pakṣasya keśāramaśulomanakhān saṃhāyet, nityamanupahatavāsāḥ sumanāḥ sugandhiḥ syāt; sādhuveśaḥ, prasiddhakeśaḥmūrdhaśrotraghrāṇapādatailanityaḥ, dhumapaḥ, pūrvābhibhāṣī, sumukhaḥ, durgeṣvabhyupapattā, hotā, yaṣṭā, dātā, catuṣpathānāṃ namaskartā, valīnāmamupahartā, atithīnāṃ pūjakaḥ, pitṛbhyaḥ piṇḍadaḥ, hitamitamadhurārthavādī vaśyātmā, dharmātmā, hetāvīrṣyuḥ, phale neṣryuḥ, niścintaḥ, nirbhikaḥ, hvīmān, dhīmām, mahotsāhaḥ, dakṣaḥ kṣamāvān, dārmikaḥ, āstikaḥ, vinayabuddhividhābhijanavayovṛddhasiddhācāryāṇāmupāsitā, chatri daṇḍī maulīsopānatko yugamātradṛgvicaret; maṃgalācāraśīlaḥ kucelāsthikaṇṭakāmedhyakeśatuṣotkarabhasmakapālasnānabalibhū-mīnāṃ parirhatā, prāka śramād vyāyāmavarji ca syātl; sarvaprāṇiṣu bandhubhūtaḥ syāh kraddhānāmanunetā, bhītānāmāśvāsayitā dīnānāmabhyupapattā, satyasandhaḥ, sāmapradhānaḥ, parparūṣavacanasahiṣṇuḥ, amarvadhnaḥ, praśamaguṇadarśī, ragadveṣahetūnāṃ hantā ca || 18|| “
” Tatsadvṛttamakhinopadekṣyāmogniveśa ! tadhathā – devagobrāhamṇagurūvṛddhasiddhācāryānarcayet, agnimupacaret, auṣadhīḥ praśastā dhārayet, dvau kālāvupaspṛśet, malāyenaṣvabhīkṣṇaṃ pādayośca vaimalyamādadhyāt, triḥ pakṣasya keśāramaśulomanakhān saṃhāyet, nityamanupahatavāsāḥ sumanāḥ sugandhiḥ syāt; sādhuveśaḥ, prasiddhakeśaḥmūrdhaśrotraghrāṇapādatailanityaḥ, dhumapaḥ, pūrvābhibhāṣī, sumukhaḥ, durgeṣvabhyupapattā, hotā, yaṣṭā, dātā, catuṣpathānāṃ namaskartā, valīnāmamupahartā, atithīnāṃ pūjakaḥ, pitṛbhyaḥ piṇḍadaḥ “
” hitamitamadhurārthavādī vaśyātmā, dharmātmā, hetāvīrṣyuḥ, phale neṣryuḥ, niścintaḥ, nirbhikaḥ, hvīmān, dhīmām, mahotsāhaḥ, dakṣaḥ kṣamāvān, dārmikaḥ, āstikaḥ, vinayabuddhividhābhijanavayovṛddhasiddhācāryāṇāmupāsitā, chatri daṇḍī maulīsopānatko yugamātradṛgvicaret; maṃgalācāraśīlaḥ kucelāsthikaṇṭakāmedhyakeśatuṣotkarabhasmakapālasnānabalibhū-mīnāṃ parirhatā, prāka śramād vyāyāmavarji ca syātl; sarvaprāṇiṣu bandhubhūtaḥ syāh kraddhānāmanunetā, bhītānāmāśvāsayitā dīnānāmabhyupapattā, satyasandhaḥ, sāmapradhānaḥ, parparūṣavacanasahiṣṇuḥ, amarvadhnaḥ, praśamaguṇadarśī, ragadveṣahetūnāṃ hantā ca || 18|| “
” Nānūtaṃ brayāt, nānyasvamādadīta, nānyastriyamabhilaṣennānyaśriyaṃ, na vairaṃ rocayet, na kuryāt pāpaṃ, na papepi papī syāt;nānyadośān brūyāt, nānyarahasyamāgamayet, nādhārmikairna narendradviṣṭaiḥ sahāsīta, nonmattairna pititairna bhruṇahantṛbhirna kṣudrairna duṣṭaiḥ, na duṣṭayānānyārohet, nājānusamaṃ kathinamāsanamadhyāsīta, nānāstīrṇamanupahitamaviśālamasamaṃ vā śayanaṃ prapadhet, na giriviṣamamastakeṣvanucret, na drumamārohet, na jalogrvegamavagāhet, na kulacchāyāmupāsīta, nāgnyutpātamabhitaścet, nauccerhaset, na śabdavantaṃ mārutaṃ muῆcet, nānāvṛtamukho jṛmbhā, kṣavathuṃ, hāsyaṃ vā pravartayet, na nāsikāṃ kuṣṇīyat na dantan vighatṛyet, na nakhān vādayet, nāsthīnyabhihanyāt, na bhūmi vilikhet, na huḍkuryācchavaṃ, na caityadhvajagurūpūjyāśastacchāyāmākrāmet, na kṣapāsvamarasadanacaityacatvaracatuṣpathopavanaśmaśānāghātanānyā-savet, naikaḥ sūnyagṛhaṃ na cātabīmanupraviśet, na pāpavṛttān strīmitrabhṛtyān bhajet, notta maivirūdhyate, nāvarānupāsīta, na jihāṃ rocayet, Nānāryamāśrayet, na bhayamutpādayet, na sāhasātisvapnaprajāgarasnānapānānyāsevet nordhvajānuśrcaraṃ tiṣṭet, na vyālānupasarpenna draṃṣṭriṇo na viṣāṇinaḥ , purovātātapāvśyāyātipravātāṅjahyāt, kalinārabhet, nāsunibhūtognimupāsīta, nocchiṣṭau nādhaḥ kṛtvā patāpayet, nāvigataklemo nānāpluvadano na nagna, upaspṛśet, na snānaśāṭayā spṛrśaduttamāgaṃ, na keśāgrāṇyābhihanyāt, nopaspṛśya te eva vāsasī vibhṛyāt, nāspṛṣṭvā ratnājyapūjyamaṃgalasumanasobhiniṣkrāmet , na pūjyamaṃgalānyapasavyaṃ gacchennetarāṇyanudakṣiṇam || 19|| “
” Nānūtaṃ brayāt, nānyasvamādadīta, nānyastriyamabhilaṣennānyaśriyaṃ, na vairaṃ rocayet, na kuryāt pāpaṃ, na papepi papī syāt;nānyadośān brūyāt, nānyarahasyamāgamayet, nādhārmikairna narendradviṣṭaiḥ sahāsīta, nonmattairna pititairna bhruṇahantṛbhirna kṣudrairna duṣṭaiḥ, na duṣṭayānānyārohet, nājānusamaṃ kathinamāsanamadhyāsīta, nānāstīrṇamanupahitamaviśālamasamaṃ vā śayanaṃ prapadhet, na giriviṣamamastakeṣvanucret, na drumamārohet, na jalogrvegamavagāhet, na kulacchāyāmupāsīta, nāgnyutpātamabhitaścet, nauccerhaset, na śabdavantaṃ mārutaṃ muῆcet, nānāvṛtamukho jṛmbhā, kṣavathuṃ, hāsyaṃ vā pravartayet, na nāsikāṃ kuṣṇīyat na dantan vighatṛyet, na nakhān vādayet, nāsthīnyabhihanyāt, na bhūmi vilikhet, na huḍkuryācchavaṃ, na caityadhvajagurūpūjyāśastacchāyāmākrāmet, “
” na kṣapāsvamarasadanacaityacatvaracatuṣpathopavanaśmaśānāghātanānyā-savet, naikaḥ sūnyagṛhaṃ na cātabīmanupraviśet, na pāpavṛttān strīmitrabhṛtyān bhajet, notta maivirūdhyate, nāvarānupāsīta, na jihāṃ rocayet, Nānāryamāśrayet, na bhayamutpādayet, na sāhasātisvapnaprajāgarasnānapānānyāsevet nordhvajānuśrcaraṃ tiṣṭet, na vyālānupasarpenna draṃṣṭriṇo na viṣāṇinaḥ , purovātātapāvśyāyātipravātāṅjahyāt, kalinārabhet, nāsunibhūtognimupāsīta, nocchiṣṭau nādhaḥ kṛtvā patāpayet, nāvigataklemo nānāpluvadano na nagna, upaspṛśet, na snānaśāṭayā spṛrśaduttamāgaṃ, na keśāgrāṇyābhihanyāt, nopaspṛśya te eva vāsasī vibhṛyāt, nāspṛṣṭvā ratnājyapūjyamaṃgalasumanasobhiniṣkrāmet , na pūjyamaṃgalānyapasavyaṃ gacchennetarāṇyanudakṣiṇam || 19||”
” Nāratnapāṇirnāsnāto nopahatavāsā nājapitvā māhutvā devatābhyo nānirūpya pitṛbhyo nādattvā gurūbhyo nātithibhyo nopāśritebhyo nāpuṇyagandho nāmālī nāprakṣālitapāṇipādavadano nāṃśuddhamukho nodaṅamukho na vimanā nābhaktāśiṣtāśucikṣudhitaparicaro na pātrīṣvamedhyāsu nādeśe nākāle nākirṇe nādattvāgramagnaye nāprokṣitaṃ prokṣaṇodakairna mantrairanabhimantritaṃ na kutsayanna kuṃtsitaṃ na pratikūlopahitamannamādadīta, na puryuśitamanyatra māṃsaharitakaśuṣkaśākaphalabhakṣyebhyaḥ, nāśeṣabhuk syādanyatra dadhimadhulavaṇasaktusarpibhyaḥ, na naktaṃ dadhi bujjīt, na saktūnekānaśnīyānna niśi na bhuktva na bahūnna dvirnodakāntaritānna chitvā dvijairbhakṣayet || 20|| “
” Nānṛjuḥ kṣuyānnāghānna śayīta, na vegitonyakāryaḥ syāt, na vāyvagnisalilasomākīdvajagurūpratimukhaṃ naṣṭhīdikā (vāt) varcomūtrāṇyutsṛjet, na panthānamavamūtrayenna janavati nānnakāle, na japahomadhyayanabalimaṃgalakriyāsu śleṣm-siṃghāṇakaṃ muῆcet || 21||”
” Na striyamavajānīta, nātiviśrambhayet, na guhyamanuśrāvayet, nādhikuryāt | na rajasvalāṃ nāturāṃ nāmedhyāṃ nāśastāṃ nāniṣṭarūpācāropacārāṃ nādakṣāṃ nādikṣiṇāṃ nākāmāṃ nānyakāmāṃ nānyastriyaṃ nānyayorni nāyaunau na caityacatvaracatuṣpathopavanaṣmaṣānāghātanasalilauṣdhidvijagurūsu – rālayeṣu na sandhyayornātithiṣu nāśucirnājagdhabheṣajo nāprṇītasaṃkalpo nānupasthitaprharṣo nābhuktavānnātyaśito na viṣmastho na mūtrojvārapīḍito na śramavyāyāmopavāsaklamābhihato nārahasi vyavāyaṃ gacchet ||22||”
” Na sato na gurūn parivadet, nāsucirabhicārakarmacaityapūjyapujādhyayanamabhinirvartayet ||23||”
” Na vidhutsvanārtavīṣu nābhyuditāsu dikṣu nāgnisaṃplave na bhūmikampe na mahotsave nolkāpāte na mahāgrahopagamane na naṣṭacandrāyāṃ tithau na sandhyayornāmukhādguronavipatitaṃ na tāntaṃ na visvaraṃ nānavasthitapadaṃ nātidrutaṃ na vilambitaṃ nātiklībaṃ nātyuccairnātinīcaiḥ svarairadhyayanamabhyasyeta
|| 24||”
” Nātisamayaṃ jahyāt, na niyamaṃ bhindhāt, na naktaṃ caret, na sandhyāsvamyavahārādhyayanastrīsvapnasevī syāt, na bālavṛddhalubdhamūrkhakliṣṭaklībaiḥ saha sakhyaṃ kuryāt, na madhdhūtaveśyāprasaṃgarūciḥ syāt, na guhyāṛ vivṛṇuyāt, na kaῆcidavajvnīyāt, nāhaṃmanī syānnādakṣo nādakṣiṇo nasūyakaḥ na brhamṇān parivadet, na gavāṃ daṇḍmudhacchet, na bṛddhān, na gurūn, na gaṇān, na nṛpān vādhikṣipet, na cāti bruyāt, na bāndhavānuraktkṛcchradvitīyaguhyajῆān bahiṣkuryāt || 25||”
” Nādhīro nātyucchritasattvaḥ syāt, nābhṛtabhṛtyaḥ, nāviśrabdhasvajanaḥ, naikaḥ sukhī, na duḥkhaśīlacaropacaraḥ, nā sarvaviśrambhī, na sarvābhiśaṃkī, na sarvakālavicārī || 26||”
” Na kāryakālamatipātayet, nāparīkṣitamabhiniviśet, nendriyavaśagaḥ syāt, na caῆcalaṃ manonubhrāmayet, na buddhīndriyāṇāmatibhāramādadhyāt, na cātidīrghasūtrī syāt, na krodhaharṣvāvanuvidadhyāt na śokamanuvaset, na siddhāvutsekaṃ gacchennāsiddhau daunyaṃ, prakṛtimabhīkṣṇaṃ samaretl, hatuprabhāvaviniścitaḥ sayāddhetvārambhanityaśca, na kṛtamityāśvaset, na vīrya jahyāt, nāpavādāmanusmaret || 27||”
” Nāśucirūttamājyākṣatatilakuśasarṣapairagniṃ juhuyādātmānamāśīrbhirāśāsānāḥ, agnirme nāpagacchecharīrād vāyurme prāṇānādadhātu viṣṇurme balamādadhātu indro me vīrya śivā māṃ praviśantvāp āpohiṣṭhetyapaḥ spṛśet, dviḥ parimṛjyauśṭhau pādau cābhyukṣya mūrdhani khāni copaspṛśedadbhirātmānaṃ hradayaṃ śiraśca ||28||”
” Vrahamcaryajῆānadānamaitrīkārūṇyaharṣopekṣāpraśamaparaśca syāditi || 29||”
” Paῆcapaῆcakamuddiṣṭaṃ mano hetucatuṣṭayam | indroyopakramedhyāye sadvṛttamalikhena ca || 30||”
” Svasthavṛttaṃ yathoddiṣṭaṃ yaḥ samyaganutiṣṭhati | sa samāḥ śatamavyādhirāyuṣā na viyujyate || 31||”
” Nṛlokamāpūrayate yaśasā sādhusammataḥ | dharmārthāveti bhūtānāṃ bandhutāmupagacchati || 32||”
” Parān sukṛtino lokān puṇyakarmā prpaghate| tasmād vṛttamnuṣṭheyamidaṃ sarveṇa sarvadā || 33||”
” Yaccānyadapi kiῆcit syādanuktamiha pūjitam | vṛttaṃ tadapi cātreyaḥ sadaivābhyanumanyate || 34||”
” Ityagniveśakṛte tantre carakapratisaṃskṛte sūtrasthāne svasthavṛttcatuṣke indriyopakrmaṇīyo nāmāṣṭamodhyāyaḥ || 8||”
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